RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 10-12 year-old school children, in three provinces of the inter-andean Region of Ecuador: Imbabura, Pichincha and Chimborazo, as well as the relationship between certain factors, considering that the latest studies go back to the year 2009. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and observational study was proposed. A sample of 599 was calculated at 95% of confidence considering population projections for children between 10 and 12 old of three zones of Ecuador. However, 608 school children, who had the acceptance and informed consent of their parents to participate, completed a survey about factors associated with dental fluorosis. Once the survey was completed, the vestibular surfaces of the upper and lower anterior teeth of the infant were photographed, following standardized distance and light procedures. Three evaluators, trained in the detection of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index, analyzed the photographs. The Stata 13.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, with a level of significance of 5% and with a confidence interval of 95%. To relate the risk factor of fluorosis, a multinomial logistic model was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was of 89.96%, with a greater presence of grade 2 TF. A positive statistical relationship and statistical significance was detected between dental fluorosis and consumption of bottled beverages. Also the amount of toothpaste used and its ingestion during brushing (p = 0.000) were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The populations evaluated, that are related to the consumption of bottled beverages and involuntary toothpaste ingestion, and have a high prevalence of a mild level of fluorosis. Key words:Fluorosis, dental, risk factors, epidemiology.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT. Introduction: tissue loss due to carious processes is usually resolved with restorations, requiring abundant patient collaboration in oral hygiene. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral hygiene motivational talks addressed to parents or guardians of children aged 5 to 8 years on the duration of composite resins over 24 months. Methods: a prospective descriptive study was conducted in 31 children and their parents or guardians meeting the inclusion criteria. The parents and guardians were trained in oral hygiene techniques, and the participating children's cavitated teeth were restored with composite resin, providing dental cleaning devices every 6 months during the study period. Clinical evaluations were performed every 6 months during the study period, evaluating the deterioration of restorations and the presence of visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding (GBI). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis and Student t-test through the STATA software. Results: There was a close relationship between oral hygiene indexes (p = 0,2019 for VPI and p = 0,6243 for GBI) and the deterioration of restorations, especially those involving proximal sides. Survival analysis showed that failure is lower in the presence of nearby caries (42.9%), with p values of 0.0045 for the occlusal-distal surface and 0.0291 for the occlusal-mesial one. Conclusion: the oral hygiene motivational talks addressed to parents or guardians of participating children influence the durability of composite resins.
RESUMEN. Introducción: la pérdida de tejido relacionada con procesos cariosos suele ser resuelta con restauraciones, cuyo cuidado depende en gran medida de la higiene oral del paciente. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto de la motivación en higiene bucal dirigida a padres o responsables de niños de 5 a 8 años de edad sobre la duración de resinas compuestas a lo largo de 24 meses. Métodos: se planteó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, en el que participaron 31 niños y sus padres o responsables, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente determinados. Los representantes fueron capacitados en técnicas de higiene bucal, y los dientes afectados por caries de los menores intervenidos fueron restaurados mediante resina compuesta, contando con acceso a dispositivos de aseo dental cada 6 meses durante el periodo del estudio. Se realizaron evaluaciones clínicas cada 6 meses durante el periodo de estudio, evaluando el deterioro de la restauración y la presencia de placa visible y de sangrado gingival. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico ANOVA y al test t-Student mediante el programa STATA. Resultados: se evidenció una estrecha relación entre los índices de higiene oral (p = 0,2019 para IPV y p= 0,6243 para ISG) y el deterioro de las restauraciones, en especial en aquellas que involucraban caras proximales. En la aplicación de las técnicas de supervivencia, el fracaso es menor en presencia de caries aledañas (42,9%), con valores p de 0,0045 para la superficie ocluso-distal y 0,0291 para la ocluso-mesial. Conclusión: la motivación a padres o responsables de los participantes sobre higiene bucal influyó sobre la durabilidad de las resinas compuestas.
